2nd Circuit Strikes Down Probation Conditions Based Partly on Unrelated
Offenses
Dan Richard Beto
ICC_DRB@shsu.edu
Fri, 04 May 2001 06:31:18 -0500
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<tr> <td width=3D"20"><img src=3D"/img/spacer.gif" width=3D"15" heigh=
t=3D"1"></td> <td width=3D"237" valign=3D"top" class=3D"textbody"><img sr=
c=3D"/img/spacer.gif" width=3D"237" height=3D"1"> <span class=3D"legalpro=
fessionalsHeadline">2nd Circuit Strikes Down Probation Conditions Based P=
artly on Unrelated Offenses</span><br> <img src=3D"/img/spacer.gif" width=
=3D"237" height=3D"8"><br> <span class=3D"legalprofessionalssubHeadline">=
<br> <a href=3D"mailto:letters_to_the_editor@corp.law.com">Mark Hambl=
ett</a><br> =
<a href=3D"http://www.nylj.com">New York Law Journal</a>
<br> =
May 3, 2001 =
<br> </span> <img src=3D"/img/spacer.gif" width=3D"237" height=3D"15">=
=
<br><br>A Western District of New York judge's tough probation co=
nditions on a man convicted of bank larceny -- imposed, in part, because =
the man had an earlier, unrelated sex offense -- have been struck down by=
the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.
<br><br>A three-judge panel said Judge William M. Skretny gave too much d=
iscretion to defendant Larry Peterson's probation officer in the case, <i=
>United States v. Peterson</i>, 00-1273.
<br><br>Skretny's sentence was imposed after Peterson pleaded guilty to b=
ank larceny for writing bad checks to keep his failing computer business =
afloat. Peterson was sentenced to five years' probation, with six months =
to be served in "intermittent confinement" and another six served in home=
detention.
<br><br>But Skretny also imposed special conditions on Peterson's term of=
probation for three reasons: Peterson had a 1996 New York State convicti=
on for incest; he had accessed legal adult pornography Web sites before h=
is sentencing; and his probation officer deemed him a "great risk to the =
community."
<br><br>Those conditions included an order to stay off the Internet and s=
tay away from computer equipment of any kind, "except for employment purp=
oses as authorized by the probation officer."
<br><br>Peterson was ordered to enroll in "mental health intervention" fo=
r the treatment of sexual predators, and stay in the program until the pr=
obation officer and the "treating agency" agree he can leave.
<br><br>Skretny also said Peterson could not enroll in an educational or =
vocational program without the agreement of the officer, and he was prohi=
bited from going near school grounds, parks, "or any other area where chi=
ldren are likely to congregate."
<br><br>On appeal to the 2nd Circuit, Peterson argued that Skretny was wr=
ong to impose the special conditions based on a prior sex-offense convict=
ion.
<br><br>By a per curiam opinion, the court noted that a trial judge has t=
he discretion under 18 U.S.C. Section 3553 to impose special conditions o=
n probation so long as they are reasonably related to the nature and circ=
umstances of the offense and the history of the defendant. The special co=
nditions must also meet a number of other criteria, including the need to=
promote respect for the law, deter criminal conduct, protect the public =
and provide the defendant with training, medical care "or other correctio=
nal treatment in the most effective manner."
<br><br>The appellate court, however, found that Judge Skretny's "broad r=
estrictions on Peterson's computer ownership and Internet access are not =
'reasonably related,' " to Peterson's crime or history.
<br><br>"Computers and Internet access have become virtually indispensabl=
e in the modern world of communications and information gathering," the c=
ourt said. "The fact that a computer with Internet access offers the poss=
ibility of abusive use for illegitimate purposes does not, at least in th=
is case, justify so broad a prohibition."
<br><br><b>NO CONNECTION FOUND</b>
<br><br>Moreover, the court found there was no connection between Peterso=
n's incest conviction and computers or Internet access.
<br><br>Under the Sentencing Guidelines, judges are allowed to impose occ=
upational restrictions, the court said, but "nothing in the record sugges=
ts that the Internet and computer restrictions are 'reasonably necessary'=
... to protect the public or to deter Peterson from continuing to engage=
in the conduct for which he was convicted, i.e., bank larceny based on p=
ayments made with bad checks."
<br><br>The court then said Judge Skretny had the right to mandate sex of=
fender therapy for Peterson, but ruled that "if Peterson is required to p=
articipate in mental health intervention only if directed to do so by his=
probation officer, then this special condition constitutes an impermissi=
ble delegation of judicial authority to the probation officer."
<br><br>Remanding the case for resentencing, the court said Skretny could=
well rule that sex offender treatment was mandatory while leaving "a var=
iety of details, including the selection of a therapy provider and schedu=
le to the probation officer."
<br><br>Finally, the court said that a requirement that Peterson notify p=
otential employers or educational institutions about his incest convictio=
n could not stand because it was "unrelated" to the bank larceny convicti=
on.
<br><br>Judges Amalya Kearse, Pierre N. Leval and Jose A. Cabranes issued=
the unsigned opinion in the case.
<br><br>Assistant U.S. Attorney Gretchen L. Wylegala represented the gove=
rnment. Marianne Marino and Marybeth Covert of the Federal Public Defende=
r's Office represented Peterson.
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