One cocaine dose triggers craving in the brain for week
Dan Richard Beto
ICC_DRB@shsu.edu
Thu, 31 May 2001 06:45:40 -0500
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a,arial,geneva" size=3D5><b>One cocaine dose triggers craving in the bra=
in for week</b></font><br><font face=3D"helvetica,arial,geneva" size=3D2>=
<b><!--zonk pullout by -->By Roger Highfield, Science Editor<!--zonk endp=
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<!--zonk pullout sidebars --><!--zonk endpullout -->
<!--zonk pullout summary -->A SINGLE snort of cocaine triggers a week-lon=
g surge of activity in the brain that may prime a person to become addict=
ed, scientists report today.<!--zonk endpullout --><p>
The dose doubles the responsiveness of nerve cells that make dopamine, a =
chemical that plays a key role in creating a drug high and subsequent cra=
ving. The research on mice led by a team at the University of California,=
San Francisco, provides evidence that a single cocaine exposure - compar=
able in humans to a recreational dose - causes changes in the brain akin =
to those underlying memory.<p>
Dr Antonello Bonci, author of the paper in the journal Nature, said: "The=
capacity for strengthening connections between nerve cells - the basis f=
or learning and memory - can be usurped by drugs of abuse. The single exp=
osure appears to hijack the brain's normal molecular mechanisms of memory=
formation for around a week." <p>
One contact with cocaine can take over the process of long-term potentiat=
ion, where interlinked neurons acting simultaneously become more strongly=
connected, that forms the basis for some kinds of memory. This can be a =
first step towards addiction or relapse. Other research has shown that le=
arning and memory involve activation of the same type of brain cells, the=
dopamine neurons, in this same brain region. <p>
The changes in brain activity induced by the cocaine exposure were stunni=
ng, said Dr Mark Ungless, the lead author. "When you learn something, you=
might expect to see a change in very few synaptic connections - the junc=
tions between communicating neurons," he said.<p>
"What's so amazing is that nearly all dopamine neurons are affected by th=
is single cocaine exposure. This kind of response is extremely rare, and =
would have a profound effect throughout the brain, particularly other are=
as involved in addiction."<p>
The powerful neural changes found in the study may underlie drug relapse,=
the researchers say, in which just a single exposure to a drug after pro=
longed abstinence can induce renewed drug-seeking behaviour. They also be=
lieve that the surge of activity they measured is likely to take place as=
a result of exposure to most other drugs as well, such as nicotine, morp=
hine, amphetamine and alcohol.<p>
The team hopes that this research can inform new approaches to treatment =
of drug addiction. Dr Bonci said: "The question is how to develop drugs t=
hat interfere with these cocaine-induced changes but not with normal memo=
ry formation. This is something we plan to explore."<p>
<p>
<!-- lt=3D"1" --><A href=3D"http://www.telegraph.co.uk:80/et?ac=3D0002239=
01065285&rtmo=3D3HruYASM&atmo=3D99999999&pg=3D/et/01/5/20/ncoke20.html">2=
0 May 2001: [UK News] Cocaine deaths rise seven-fold over six years</a><!=
-- lt --><br>
<!-- lt=3D"1" --><A href=3D"http://www.telegraph.co.uk:80/et?ac=3D0002239=
01065285&rtmo=3D3HruYASM&atmo=3D99999999&pg=3D/et/99/8/29/ncoke29.html">2=
9 August 1999: [UK News] Taking cocaine linked to hepatitis</a><!-- lt --=
><br>
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01065285&rtmo=3D3HruYASM&atmo=3D99999999&pg=3D/et/98/8/1/thcoke01.html">1=
August 1998: [Features] The slide into addiction</a><!-- lt --><br>
<!-- lt=3D"1" --><A href=3D"http://www.telegraph.co.uk:80/et?ac=3D0002239=
01065285&rtmo=3D3HruYASM&atmo=3D99999999&pg=3D/et/94/11/24/bee23.html">24=
November 1994: [Features] Unravelling the cocaine buzz with the help of =
bees</a><!-- lt --><br>
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